Medicina: Ematologia: Talassemie e trapianto del midollo osseo
| English |
| bone marrow microenvironment |
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| Attestation |
3
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| Part of speech |
Noun syntagm
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| Grammatical label |
Countable
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| Variant |
Microenvironment of the marrow, marrow microenvironment, hematopoietic microenvironment
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| Definition |
Microenvironment, as identified from the study of trephine bone marrow biopsies, is defined as non hematopoietic cells belonging to the hematopoietic marrow cavity, i.e. adipocytes, endosteal cells and cells from the vascular network whose predominant structure is the sinus, exclusive site of exchange between marrow cord and circulating blood. Experiments in animals by Friedenstein, Wolf and Trentin, and study of an in vitro model established by Dexter, that of long-term marrow cultures, have indicated that microenvironmental cells are instrumental for the maintenance of hematopoiesis, and, more specifically, for the survival of the most primitive hematopoietic precursors and their proliferation/differenciation toward the different myeloid and B lymphocytic lineages. Essential microenvironmental cells, as evaluated from in vitro studies, are vascular smooth muscle-like stromal cells. These cells probably derive from mesenchymal stem cells whose vascular smooth muscle differentiation pahtway is induced by different components from the long-term culture medium. Regulation of hematopoiesis by microenvironment is mediated by three kinds of effectors, cytokines, adhesion molecules and small peptides including neuromediators.
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| Definition source |
Charbord, P. (1998). ‘The human bone marrow microenvironment’. Hématologie 4(1): 29-40.
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| Context |
Possible pathophysiological mechanisms of aplastic anemia include defective hematopoietic stem cells, a deficient microenvironment of the marrow, impairment of cellular interactions necessary to sustain hematopoiesis, and immune suppression of marrow function.
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| Context source |
Storb, R., et al. (1991). ‘Marrow transplantation for severe aplastic anemia an thalassemia major’. Seminars in Hematology 28(3):235-9. Review. (RISCEN180)
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| Subject field |
Haemopoiesis
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| Comprehensive concept |
Bone marrow
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| Partitive concept |
Hematopoietic stem cell, adipose cell, fibroblasts, macrophages, endotelial cells, adventitial cells, collagen, adhesion glycoprotein, proteoglicans
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| Related concept |
Haemopoiesis, allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, hematopoietic stem cell, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
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| it |
Microambiente midollare
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| Reliability code |
3
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