Disorders characterised by a wrong choice and matching of phonemes which can be normally uttered. Disorders consisting in the inability to produce and /or appreciate the phonological constitution of words, though the articulatory and the auditory programmes are intact.
In particular, voice-onset time analyses have shown that Broca’s aphasics display the timing deficits described here, whereas Wernicke’s aphasics show minimal impairment (Blumstein et al., 1980). Many of the phonological errors described in the preceding section probably reflected deficits of articulatory programming rather than planning. However, it is not clear whether the various types of errors and characteristics of segment production found in anterior aphasics can be attributed solely to articulatory deficits.