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Some examples of non-propositional language (the non-propositionality of which probably varies between individuals and contexts). Serial-automatic speech (e.g., counting, days of week, months of year, recited arithmetic tables). Singing, recitation of overfamiliar verses and rhymes. Swearing, expletives, coprolalic, and emotional utterances. Conventional social greetings (e.g., good morning, good night, thank you, excuse me, nice day). Conversational fìllers (e.g. you know, sort of). Overused phrases, idioms, clichés, and stereotyped expressions. Source: Adapted with permission from Code, C. (1987) Language, Aphasia and the Right Hemisphere. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons. Copyright (1987) John Wiley and Sons. The lack of variability is a major feature of automatic language. Repetitions of such utterances vary very little between productions. In everyday speech, productions of ´How are you?´ will vary very little.
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