A condition where more of the foot surface is in contact with the ground than normal; it results from a decreased or absent longitudinal (toe to heel) arch.
Assess medial arch (pes cavus or flat foot). Patient sits on bench, you sit at patient´s foot with small stool between. Note extent and area of swelling. Carefully palpate: ankle joint (note point tenderness) from tip medial malleolus to tip lateral malleolus and behind ankle to TA insertion, mid-foot and forefoot.